46 questions / 10 random questions
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Which basic Linux command displays a list of files in a directory?
Answer: ls
ls displays a list of files and directories.
Which Linux command changes the current working directory?
Answer: cd
cd changes the current working directory.
Which basic command is used to copy files or directories?
Answer: cp
cp copies files. mv moves or renames them, and rm removes them.
Which set of tasks is representative of Linux system administration?
Answer: Managing user accounts, permissions, processes, and logs
Linux system administration commonly includes user account management, permission settings, process management, and log review.
In which directory are Linux log files commonly stored?
Answer: /var/log
Linux logs are commonly stored under /var/log.
Which information is commonly found in authentication logs?
Answer: Login attempts, authentication success or failure, and privilege escalation
Authentication logs contain information about logins, authentication events, and privilege escalation.
Which information is commonly found in kernel logs?
Answer: Hardware errors, device issues, and kernel messages
Kernel logs record information related to the kernel, hardware, and devices.
What is the main purpose of log rotation?
Answer: To manage log file size and retention period
Log rotation prevents log files from growing indefinitely and manages retention periods.
Which Linux command displays a list of running processes?
Answer: ps
ps is a basic command for checking process lists.
What is the main purpose of the top command?
Answer: To view processes and resource usage in real time
top displays processes and CPU/memory usage in real time.
Which command example forcibly terminates the process with the specified PID?
Answer: kill -9 PID
kill -9 PID sends SIGKILL to the specified PID and forcibly terminates it.
Which command can terminate processes by process name?
Answer: killall
killall can terminate processes by specifying their process name.
What do nice and renice adjust?
Answer: Process priority
nice and renice handle process priority, also called the nice value.
Which command displays jobs running or stopped in the current shell session?
Answer: jobs
jobs displays jobs managed by the current shell.
Which description of fg and bg is correct?
Answer: They control jobs in the foreground or background
fg controls foreground execution, and bg controls background execution.
Which command is used when you want a command to continue after the shell exits?
Answer: nohup
Using a form such as nohup command & makes it easier for a process to continue after the shell exits.
Which symbol represents a zombie process state in Linux?
Answer: Z
Z represents the zombie state.
Which signal resumes a process that has received SIGSTOP?
Answer: SIGCONT
A process stopped by SIGSTOP can be resumed with SIGCONT.
Which statement correctly describes the difference between SIGSTOP and the sleep state?
Answer: SIGSTOP is an explicit stop signal, while sleep occurs naturally during waits such as I/O waits
SIGSTOP is an explicit external stop, while sleep is a natural idle or wait state such as waiting for I/O.
Which symbol in the STAT column of ps indicates a stopped process?
Answer: T
In the STAT column, T indicates a stopped state.
Which file system is commonly used on Linux?
Answer: ext4
ext4 is a journaling file system widely used on Linux and is often a default choice for data partitions.
What should you consider when copying files from ext4 to FAT32?
Answer: Metadata such as permissions and ownership may not be preserved
FAT32 may not fully preserve Linux permissions, ownership, and related metadata.
Which factors should be considered when choosing a file system?
Answer: Use case, performance requirements, security requirements, and file size limits
When choosing a file system, consider use case, performance, security, and size constraints.
Which command checks whether a Wi-Fi interface is recognized on Linux?
Answer: ip link show or iw dev
ip link show lists network interfaces, and iw dev shows wireless devices and their status.
Which command scans nearby Wi-Fi networks using NetworkManager?
Answer: nmcli device wifi list
nmcli device wifi list scans and lists Wi-Fi networks through NetworkManager.
Which command example connects to Wi-Fi using NetworkManager?
Answer: nmcli device wifi connect "SSID" password "password"
In a NetworkManager environment, nmcli device wifi connect ... is a simple way to connect to Wi-Fi.
Which command obtains an IP address for a Wi-Fi interface using DHCP?
Answer: sudo dhclient wlan0
dhclient is a DHCP client command. For example, sudo dhclient wlan0 assigns an IP address to the specified interface.
What is the purpose of ping -c 4 8.8.8.8?
Answer: To check network connectivity to the internet
ping sends ICMP echo requests to test reachability. -c 4 limits the number of requests to four.
Which package manager is representative of Debian-based distributions?
Answer: APT
APT is the representative package manager for Debian-based distributions.
Which package manager is the successor to yum on Red Hat-based distributions?
Answer: DNF
On Red Hat-based distributions, DNF is used as the successor to yum.
Which package manager is representative of Arch-based distributions?
Answer: pacman
pacman is the representative package manager for Arch-based distributions.
Which package manager is representative of openSUSE-based systems?
Answer: zypper
zypper is the representative package manager for openSUSE-based systems.
Which feature of NixOS was described?
Answer: Declarative and reproducible package management
Nix is known for declarative and reproducible package management.
Which description of openSUSE is appropriate?
Answer: A general-purpose Linux distribution mainly for desktops and servers
openSUSE is not limited to embedded devices; it is a general-purpose distribution for desktops and servers.
Which framework is representative for building embedded Linux systems?
Answer: Yocto Project / Poky
Yocto Project, including Poky, is a framework for building embedded Linux distributions. Buildroot and OpenWrt are also known in this area.
In Linux basics, which command is commonly used to view and search the systemd journal?
Answer: journalctl
journalctl is used to view and filter logs recorded by systemd-journald.
Which command is central to checking status and starting or stopping services with systemd?
Answer: systemctl
systemctl is the central command for managing systemd services and targets.
In Linux virtualization and cloud basics, which mechanism is often used for initial instance configuration on first boot?
Answer: cloud-init
cloud-init is used on cloud VMs to initialize hostnames, SSH keys, users, packages, and other settings.
When cloning a Linux system from a template, which duplicated values can cause problems?
Answer: SSH host keys and D-Bus machine-id
If SSH host keys or machine-id values from the source remain, multiple hosts may share the same identifiers.
For Linux networking basics, what should be understood about IPv6?
Answer: Major differences from IPv4 and basic IPv6 features
For Linux networking basics, it is useful to understand the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, basic IPv6 features, and characteristics of TCP, UDP, and ICMP.
Which tools are representative for Linux administration topics related to data protection with public-key technology?
Answer: OpenSSH and GnuPG
Linux administration commonly requires understanding OpenSSH clients and servers, host keys, GnuPG, and SSH port tunneling.
In Linux system architecture basics, which command displays loaded kernel modules?
Answer: lsmod
lsmod displays the currently loaded kernel modules. Commands such as modprobe are also important for adding and removing modules.
On Debian-based systems, which command is appropriate for low-level management of installed packages?
Answer: dpkg
On Debian-based systems, apt provides higher-level management, while dpkg handles lower-level management of individual packages.
In the FHS, which directory mainly stores system-wide configuration files?
Answer: /etc
/etc is where system-wide configuration files are placed. Understanding major FHS directories is important for Linux basics.
At the beginning of a shell script, which line specifies the interpreter used to run it?
Answer: shebang, for example #!/bin/bash
A shebang specifies which interpreter should run the script. Conditionals, loops, and exit statuses are also part of shell scripting topics.
Which special Linux permission makes a program run with the permissions of the file owner?
Answer: SUID
An executable file with SUID set runs with the permissions of the file owner. passwd is a common example.